在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，有一些物料的輸送對(duì)于破碎率有一定的要求，例如樹脂、尿素、純堿、中成藥顆粒，食品行業(yè)中例如砂糖、咖啡豆、調(diào)味品、大米、玉米顆粒、大豆類等等，破碎的物料都會(huì)影響產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)。那對(duì)這種易破碎的物料應(yīng)該如何選擇輸送方案呢？導(dǎo)致物料破損的原因氣力輸送過程中引起物料破碎的主要原因是物料顆粒與物料顆粒之間的碰撞或者物料顆粒與管道內(nèi)壁的碰撞導(dǎo)致物料破碎。在氣力輸送系統(tǒng)中，稀相氣力輸送方式物料的破損率會(huì)更高一些，因?yàn)橄∠噍斔蜁r(shí)物料是以很高的速度、分散并懸浮的進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)的，高速的運(yùn)動(dòng)同時(shí)也會(huì)高速撞擊管道內(nèi)壁引起物料破碎。

　　In industrial production, the transportation of some materials has certain requirements for crushing rate, such as resin, urea, soda ash, traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations granules, and in the food industry, such as granulated sugar, coffee beans, condiments, rice, corn granules, soybeans, etc. Broken materials will affect the quality of products. How should we choose a conveying scheme for this fragile material? The main cause of material breakage during pneumatic conveying is the collision between material particles or the collision between material particles and the inner wall of the pipeline. In pneumatic conveying systems, the damage rate of materials in dilute phase pneumatic conveying is higher because the materials move at a high speed, dispersed and suspended. High speed movement can also collide with the inner wall of the pipeline at high speed, causing material breakage.

　　密相氣力輸送是物料以低速、沙丘態(tài)、流態(tài)或團(tuán)聚態(tài)輸送，輸送較為緩慢，并且顆粒間的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)相比較小一些，物料破損會(huì)少一些，但是輸送過程中邊緣的物料微粒與管道的摩擦撞擊以及物料顆粒之間的摩擦都不可避免，尤其是在通過拐彎的地方，摩擦與碰撞會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些破碎發(fā)生。

　　Dense phase pneumatic conveying is the process of conveying materials at low speed, in a sand dune state, in a fluid state, or in a agglomerated state. The conveying is relatively slow, and the relative motion between particles is relatively small, resulting in less material damage. However, during the conveying process, friction and collision between material particles at the edges and the pipeline, as well as friction between material particles, are inevitable, especially when passing through corners. Friction and collision can cause some breakage.

　　通過力學(xué)研究表面，顆粒物與管壁或者其他顆粒相碰撞時(shí)的速度越大，破碎率越高；而物料顆粒的輸送速度是受氣流速度影響，所以氣流速度越高，物料顆粒的破損率越高。另外輸送路線中彎頭的數(shù)量越多，破碎率越高。

　　By studying surfaces through mechanics, the higher the velocity at which particles collide with pipe walls or other particles, the higher the fragmentation rate; The conveying speed of material particles is affected by the airflow velocity, so the higher the airflow velocity, the higher the damage rate of material particles. The more bends there are in the conveying route, the higher the crushing rate.

　　物料性質(zhì)影響輸送的破碎率

　　The material properties affect the crushing rate of transportation

　　由于物料的性質(zhì)各不相同，作用于各種物料上的外力大小、形式也不同，因而引起破碎的形式和程度也不同。同時(shí)環(huán)境溫度、濕度、壓力等條件對(duì)破碎也有一定影響。例如物料的含水率對(duì)破碎的影響：輸送玉米顆粒時(shí)，玉米顆粒的含水量過高或者過低，都會(huì)增加玉米顆粒的破碎率。經(jīng)過實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)玉米顆粒含水量為18.3%時(shí)，破損率最低。

　　Due to the different properties of materials, the magnitude and form of external forces acting on various materials are also different, resulting in different forms and degrees of fragmentation. At the same time, environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure also have a certain impact on crushing. For example, the impact of material moisture content on crushing: When transporting corn particles, if the moisture content of the corn particles is too high or too low, it will increase the crushing rate of the corn particles. Through experiments, it was found that the lowest damage rate occurs when the moisture content of corn kernels is 18.3%.

　　選擇合適的輸送方式

　　Choose the appropriate conveying method

　　用戶在前期選擇物料輸送設(shè)備時(shí)應(yīng)該根據(jù)對(duì)物料的破損率要求、物料的硬度、物料的環(huán)境溫度、濕度、壓力等因素綜合考量，選擇合適的輸送設(shè)備。例如如果是需要輸送咖啡豆等對(duì)破損率有嚴(yán)格要求的種類，可以考慮使用輸送更為平緩的管鏈輸送機(jī)，輸送過程輕柔平緩，一定程度改善物料的破損率。如果是采用氣力輸送，可優(yōu)選選擇密相氣力輸送，減少彎頭的數(shù)量、調(diào)低氣流的速度，可以一定程度降低物流破損率。

　　When selecting material conveying equipment in the early stage, users should comprehensively consider factors such as material damage rate requirements, material hardness, environmental temperature, humidity, pressure, etc., and choose suitable conveying equipment. For example, if it is necessary to transport coffee beans and other types with strict requirements for damage rate, it is possible to consider using a smoother pipe chain conveyor for transportation. The transportation process should be gentle and smooth, which can improve the material damage rate to a certain extent. If pneumatic conveying is used, dense phase pneumatic conveying can be preferred to reduce the number of bends and lower the airflow speed, which can to some extent reduce the logistics damage rate.

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